Bateriga lithium-ion ama baytari Li-ion (loo soo gaabiyo LIB) waa nooc ka mid ah baytariyada dib loo dallaci karo.Baytariyada lithium-ion ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee la qaadi karo iyo baabuurta korontada ku shaqeysa waxayna caan ku yihiin codsiyada militariga iyo hawada hawada.Batari nooca Li-ion-ka ah waxa sameeyay Akira Yoshino sannadkii 1985kii, iyadoo lagu salaynayo cilmi-baadhis hore oo ay sameeyeen John Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Rachid Yazami iyo Koichi Mizushima intii lagu jiray 1970-meeyadii – 1980-aadkii, ka dibna batari Li-ion ganacsi ah waxa sameeyay Sony iyo kooxda Asahi Kasei oo uu hogaaminayay Yoshio Nishi sanadkii 1991. 2019, Abaalmarinta Nobel Prize ee Kiimikada waxaa la siiyay Yoshino, Goodenough, iyo Whittingham "hormarinta baytariyada lithium ion".

Baytariyada, ion lithium waxay ka guuraan kolleydh taban oo ay maraan elektrolyt-ka una gudba electrode-ka togan inta lagu jiro dheecaanka, iyo dib marka la dallaco.Baytariyada Li-ion waxay isticmaalaan iskudhis lithium ah oo isku dhafan sida walxaha ku jira electrode-ka togan iyo sida caadiga ah graphite ee electrode taban.Baytariyadu waxay leeyihiin cufnaanta tamar sare, wax saameyn ah oo xusuusta ah ma leh (marka laga reebo unugyada LFP) iyo is-dajin hooseeya.Si kastaba ha ahaatee waxay noqon karaan khatar badbaado maadaama ay ku jiraan electrolytes guban kara, iyo haddii waxyeello ama si khaldan loo dallaco waxay keeni kartaa qaraxyo iyo dab.Samsung ayaa lagu qasbay inay dib u soo celiso taleefoonnada gacanta ee Galaxy Note 7 ka dib dabkii lithium-ion, waxaana jiray dhowr shil oo ku lug leh baytariyada Boeing 787s.

Kiimikada, waxqabadka, qiimaha iyo sifooyinka badbaadada ayaa ku kala duwan noocyada LIB.Qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee gacanta lagu haysto ayaa badiyaa adeegsada baytariyada lithium-polymer-ka (oo leh jel polymer as electrolyte) oo leh lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) sida walxo cathode ah, taas oo bixisa cufnaanta tamar sare, laakiin soo bandhigta khataraha badbaadada, gaar ahaan marka ay dhaawacmaan.Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, ama LMO), iyo lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiMnCoO2 ama NMC) waxay bixiyaan cufnaanta tamarta hoose laakiin nolosha dheer iyo suurtagalnimada dab ama qarax yar.Baytariyada noocan oo kale ah ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa qalabka korontada, qalabka caafimaadka, iyo doorarka kale.NMC iyo waxyaalaheedii ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa baabuurta korontada.

Meelaha cilmi baarista ee baytariyada lithium-ion waxaa ka mid ah kordhinta cimriga, kordhinta cufnaanta tamarta, hagaajinta amniga, dhimista qiimaha, iyo kordhinta xawaaraha ku dallaca, iyo kuwo kale.Cilmi-baaris ayaa ka socotay aagga elektrolytka aan guban karin si loo maro badbaadada korodhka ah ee ku salaysan ololka iyo isbeddelka dareerayaasha organic ee loo isticmaalo korantada caadiga ah.Xeeladaha waxaa ka mid ah baytariyada lithium-ion aqueous, electrolytes dhoobada adag, polymer electrolytes, dareeraha ionic, iyo hababka fluorinated culus.

Battery iyo unugga

Unuggu waa unug kiimiko kiimiko ah oo aasaasi ah oo ka kooban elektirootooyinka, kala-soocida, iyo korantada.

Baakadaha ama baakidhku waa ururinta unugyo ama ururo unug, oo leh guryo, xidhiidhyo koronto, iyo suurtogalnimada qalabka kontoroolka iyo ilaalinta.

Anode iyo cathode electrodes
Unugyada dib loo dallaci karo, ereyga anode (ama electrode taban) ayaa tilmaamaya korantada meesha oksaydhisku ka dhacayo inta lagu jiro wareegga dheecaanka;Electrode kale waa cathode (ama electrode togan).Inta lagu jiro wareegga kharashka, korantada togan waxay noqotaa anode iyo korantada taban waxay noqotaa cathode.Inta badan unugyada lithium-ion, korantada lithium-oxide waa korantada togan;Unugyada lithium-ion titanate (LTO), korantada lithium-oxide waa electrode taban.

Taariikhda

Asalkii hore

Varta lithium-ion baytari, Museum Autovision, Altlussheim, Germany
Baytariyada Lithium-ka waxa soo jeediyay farmashiistaha Ingiriis iyo la-guddoomiyaha abaalmarinta Nobel ee 2019 ee kimistariga M. Stanley Whittingham, oo hadda jooga Jaamacadda Binghamton, isaga oo u shaqaynayay Exxon sannadihii 1970-yadii.Whittingham waxay u isticmaashay titanium(IV) sulfide iyo birta lithium sida electrodes-ka.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baytarigan lithium-ka dib lagu soo celin karo waligiis lagama dhigi karo mid la taaban karo.Titanium disulfide waxay ahayd doorasho liidata, maadaama ay tahay in lagu soo saaro shuruudo si buuxda loo shaabadeeyey, sidoo kalena aad qaali u ah (~ $1,000 halkii kiilo ee titanium disulfide alaabta ceeriin ee 1970-meeyadii).Marka hawada la soo gaadho, titanium disulfide waxa ay ka falcelisaa si ay u samaysato iskudhisyada hydrogen sulfide, kuwaas oo leh ur aan fiicnayn oo sun ku ah xayawaanka intooda badan.Tan iyo sababo kale dartood, Exxon waxay joojisay horumarinta baytariga lithium-titanium disulfide ee Whittingham.[28]Baytariyada leh koronto-dhaliyaha lithium-ka macdan ah waxay soo bandhigeen arrimo nabdoon, maadaama birta lithium ay kula falgasho biyo, sii daynaysa gaasta hydrogen ee gubanaysa.Sidaa darteed, cilmi-baaristu waxay u dhaqaaqday inay horumariso baytariyada, taas oo, halkii lithium macdan, kaliya xeryahooda lithium ay joogaan, oo awood u leh inay aqbalaan oo ay sii daayaan ion lithium.

Isku-xidhka garaafka iyo is-dhexgalka ee oxides-ka ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray 1974-76 JO Besenhard ee TU Munich.Besenhard waxay soo jeedisay codsigeeda unugyada lithium.Kala-baxa korantada iyo isku-dhafka dareeraha ee garaafka ayaa hore u ahaa cillado aad u daran nolosha batteriga.

Horumarin

1973 - Adam Heller waxa uu soo jeediyay baytari lithium thionyl chloride ah, oo wali lagu isticmaalo aaladaha caafimaadka ee la geliyey iyo nidaamka difaaca halkaas oo in ka badan 20-sano nolosha shelf ah, cufnaanta tamarta sare, iyo/ama u dulqaadashada heerkulka hawleed aadka u daran ayaa loo baahan yahay.
1977 - Samar Basu wuxuu muujiyay isdhexgalka korantada ee lithium ee graphite ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania.Tani waxay horseedday horumarinta korantada garaafyada isku-dhafan ee lithium ee la shaqayn karo ee Bell Labs (LiC6) si ay u bixiso beddelka baytariyada birta lithium-ka.
1979 - Ka shaqaynta kooxo gaar ah, Ned A. Godshall et al., Iyo, wax yar ka dib, John B. Goodenough (Jaamacadda Oxford) iyo Koichi Mizushima (Jaamacadda Tokyo), waxay muujisay unug lithium ah oo dib loo dallaci karo oo leh koronto gudaha 4 V iyadoo la adeegsanayo lithium kobalt dioxide (LiCoO2) sida korantada togan iyo birta lithium sida electrode taban.Hal-abuurnimadani waxa ay siisay walaxda korantada togan ee awood u siisay baytariyada lithium-ka ganacsiga hore.LiCoO2 waa walxo elektrode ah oo deggan oo u dhaqma sidii deeq bixiyayaasha lithium ions, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in loo isticmaali karo walxo korantada taban oo aan ahayn birta lithium.Adigoo awood u siinaya isticmaalka qalabka elektiroonigga ah ee deggan oo si sahlan loo maarayn karo, LiCoO2 waxay karti u siisay nidaamyada baytariyada cusub ee dib loo dallaci karo.Godshall iyo al.Waxa kale oo la aqoonsaday qiimaha la midka ah ee isku dhafka ternary-lithium-transition metal-oxides sida lafdhabarta LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, LiMnO2, LiFeO2, LiFe5O8, iyo LiFe5O4 (iyo ka dib lithium-copper-oxide iyo lithium-nickel-oxide cathode walxaha)
1980 - Rachid Yazami waxa uu soo bandhigay is dhexgalka kiimikaad ee lithium ee garaafiga ah, waxa uuna ikhtiraacay koronto-yaqaanka lithium graphite (anode).Electrolytes-ka organic-ga ah ee la heli karo wakhtigaas ayaa dumin doona marka lagu dallaco graphite negative electrode.Yazami waxa uu isticmaalay koronto adag si uu u muujiyo in lithium-ka dib loogu celin karo garaafka iyadoo loo marayo habka korantada kiimikada.Laga bilaabo 2011, Yazami's graphite electrode wuxuu ahaa korantada inta badan loo isticmaalo baytariyada lithium-ion ganacsi.
Electrode-ka taban wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa PAS (waxyaabaha semiconductive polyacenic) oo uu helay Tokio Yamabe ka dibna Shjzukuni Yata horraantii 1980-aadkii.Abuurka tignoolajiyadan ayaa ahaa daahfurka polymer-ka conductive by Professor Hideki Shirakawa iyo kooxdiisa, waxaana sidoo kale loo arki karaa inuu ka soo bilaabay baytari polyacetylene lithium ion ay sameeyeen Alan MacDiarmid iyo Alan J. Heeger et al.
1982 - Godshall iyo al.ayaa la siiyay US Patent 4,340,652 isticmaalka LiCoO2 sida cathodes ee baytariyada lithium, oo ku salaysan Godshall's Stanford University Ph.D.qalin-jabinta iyo daabacaadadii 1979-kii.
1983 - Michael M. Thackeray, Peter Bruce, William David, iyo John Goodenough waxay soo saareen lafdhabarta manganese sida walxo cathode ah oo ganacsi ahaan khuseeya oo loogu talagalay baytariyada lithium-ion.
1985-Akira Yoshino waxa uu soo ururiyay unug-nooc ah isaga oo isticmaalaya walxo kaarboon-aceous ah kaas oo ion lithium la geliyo sida hal electrode, iyo lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) sida kan kale.Tani waxay si aad ah u hagaajisay badbaadada.LiCoO2 waxa ay karti u siisay wax-soo-saarka cabbirka-warshadaha waxayna awood u siisay baytariyada lithium-ion-ganacsiyeedka.
1989 - Arumugam Manthiram iyo John B. Goodenough waxay heleen fasalka polyanion ee cathodes.Waxay tuseen in korantada togan ee ka kooban polyanions, tusaale ahaan, sulfates, ay soo saaraan danab ka sarreeya oksaydhyada taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay saamaynta inductive ee polyanion-ka.Qaybtan polyanion-ka waxa ku jira walxo ay ka mid yihiin lithium iron phosphate.

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